Folding the Way to A Perfect Antibody -Using DNA
Origami to Optimize Antibody and Antigen Binding
Researchers from the Karalinska Institutet and the University of
Oslo Norway have identified a way to use DNA origami to determine
the optimal distance between antigens for antibody binding. DNA
origami was discovered in 2006, however, it has recently gained more
interested since it has been revealed that it can be used to design
highly precise nanostructures within the biological realm. The
authors placed identical antigens 3-17nm apart from another directly
on DNA origami through a set up similar to what is used for Surface
Plasmon resonance. They then measured the binding strength between
each antigenic epitope and its bound antibody complementary
determining region (CDR). The results of their study revealed that
the optimal distance between densely packed antigens in order to
achieve the strongest binding was approximately 16 nm. The authors
also noted that that there were also significant differences in this
number depending on the antibodies isotype. For example, when
comparing IgM binding to that of IgG, IgM had a significantly larger
reach due to its pentagonal structure, because of this, it is able
to bind 2 antigens simultaneously. The results of this study show
that it is now possible to directly identify how multiple antibodies
interact with their subsequent antigens in a manor that was
impossible up until now. The authors are hoping that their
revelation can eventually be used to better understand the immune
system and how it responds to foreign invaders, in order to find
novel treatments for auto-immune diseases and cancer.
Reference
Shaw, Alan, et al. "Binding to nanopatterned antigens is
dominated by the spatial tolerance of antibodies."
Nature Nanotechnology
(2019): 1.
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Researchers from the Karalinska Institutet and the University of
Oslo Norway have identified a way to use DNA origami to determine
the optimal distance between antigens for antibody binding. DNA
origami was discovered in 2006, however, it has recently gained more
interested since it has been revealed that it can be used to design
highly precise nanostructures within the biological realm. The
authors placed identical antigens 3-17nm apart from another directly
on DNA origami through a set up similar to what is used for Surface
Plasmon resonance. They then measured the binding strength between
each antigenic epitope and its bound antibody complementary
determining region (CDR). The results of their study revealed that
the optimal distance between densely packed antigens in order to
achieve the strongest binding was approximately 16 nm. The authors
also noted that that there were also significant differences in this
number depending on the antibodies isotype. For example, when
comparing IgM binding to that of IgG, IgM had a significantly larger
reach due to its pentagonal structure, because of this, it is able
to bind 2 antigens simultaneously. The results of this study show
that it is now possible to directly identify how multiple antibodies
interact with their subsequent antigens in a manor that was
impossible up until now. The authors are hoping that their
revelation can eventually be used to better understand the immune
system and how it responds to foreign invaders, in order to find
novel treatments for auto-immune diseases and cancer.
