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s Related Biological Terms:

base equivalency rule

(= Chargaff's rule)

base flipping

The distortion of a double-stranded DNA structure that disrupts a base pair and redirects one nucleoside of the pair outwards, where it can interact with a DNA-modifying enzyme such as a methyltransferase. Kunkel, T.A. and Wilson, S.H. (1996) Nature (London) 384, 25-26; Roberts, R.J. and Cheng, X. (1998) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67, 181-198

base pair

In a nucleic acid double helix, a purine and a pyrimidine on different strands that interact by hydrogen bonding, most commonly a GC or AT pair.

base roll

Variation in orientation of bases in a DNA double helix that permits some tilting of the bases. (see also A-DNA; Z-DNA)

basement membrane

An extracellular network of fibres and glycoconjugates that underlies and strengthens some tissues; an interface between these tissues and the connective tissue that surrounds them.Timpl, R. (1996) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8, 618-624

basolateral

Descriptive of the border of an epithelial cell that is attached to the basement membrane. (see also apical (luminal))

basophil

A polymorphonuclear leucocyte containing granules that react with a histological stain for basic substances.

bathochromic shift

A shift to longer wavelengths.

beta (β)-isomer

In sugar chemistry, the anomer that places the hemiacetal (or hemiketal) hydroxy group on the same side of the pyranose (or furanose) ring as the non-ring carbon atom. (see also alpha (α)-isomer)

beta (β)-pleated sheet

A form of secondary structure of a protein in which the amide hydrogens of a peptide bond of one extended polypeptide sequence are shared with the carbonyl oxygens of a peptide bond on a second polypeptide sequence. A sheet that often consists of three or more polypeptide sequences is said to be parallel (i.e. both adjacent strands run in the same direction; N- to C-terminal) or antiparallel.

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