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s Related Biological Terms:

amyloplast

An organelle of plants that synthesizes and stores starch.

anabolism

Those energy-requiring metabolic pathways that result in synthesis of macromolecules and their building blocks, e.g. gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis. (see also amphibolic pathway; catabolism)

anaerobic glycolysis

(see glycolysis)

anisotropic

Descriptive of a physical property that varies with the angle of observation. (see also isotropic)

anisotropy

A measure of the mobility of a fluorophore: A=(I-I)/(I+2I), where I is the intensity of emission and and indicate polarization parallel and perpendicular respectively to the exciting light. A mobile fluorophore is able to reorientate itself within its fluorescence lifetime and therefore emits unpolarized light; an immobile fluorophore does not reorientate itself, and hence it emits light polarized in the plane of the excited light. (see also polarization)

anoikis

apoptosis that is associated with detachment of cells from their matrix or their attachment to the 'wrong' molecules.Frisch, S.M. and Ruoslahti, E. (1997) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9, 701-706

anomalous scattering (resonance scattering)

A property of diffracted radiation that is useful in X-ray crystallographic analysis for identification of diffracting centres. The otherwise symmetrical diffraction pattern is subtly perturbed when incident energy of an appropriate wavelength interacts with a diffraction centre (in practice, a sulphur or heavy metal atom) that changes the phase of the diffracted radiation in a manner that is characteristic of that atom.

anomalously replicating sequence

(see origin recognition complex (ORC))

antagonist

A compound, often an analogue of a hormone, that binds to a receptor but elicits no response. (see also agonist)

anti-mutator DNA polymerase

A polymerase with a higher than usual degree of fidelity in proofreading. Reha-Kranz, L.J. (1995) Trends Biochem. Sci. 20, 136-140

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