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Game theory

A branch of mathematics, operations research and economics, that analyzes interactions with formalized incentive structures ("games"). The predicted and actual behavior of individuals in these games as well as optimal strategies are studied. Seemingly different types of interactions can be characterized as having similar incentive structures, thus being examples of a particular "game." Biologists have used Game theory to understand and predict certain outcomes of evolution, such as the concept of evolutionarily stable strategy introduced by John Maynard Smith in his essay Game theory and the evolution of Fighting. John Maynard Smith applied the zero-sum contests and win-win evaluation schemes from Game theory to show that competition among males of a species would not tend to be lethal, but would have limited actual fighting and a large quantity of posturing and other non-aggressive display behaviour. This game-theoretic explanation has been largely accepted by theorists and other biologists in the field. In 1982, his book evolution and the Theory of Games explained the Application of Game theory to biological science. This book explained how evolutionarily stable strategy is relevant to the field. From: http://www.wikipedia.org

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