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acceptor (3') splice site

A site in pre-mRNA that corresponds to the 3'-end of the intron and the 5'-end of the next exon. The last two bases of the intron at the acceptor splice site are AG in most cases, but AC in some instances.Mount, S.M. (1996) Science 271, 1690-1692

acceptor stem

(see cloverleaf)

acid protease

(= aspartate proteinase)

acinus

A cluster of secretory cells surrounding a duct.

acrosome

A specialized lysosome of a spermatozoon that contains hyaluronidase, the proteinase acrosin and other hydrolytic enzymes.

action spectrum

A measure of the effectiveness of various wavelengths in promoting photosynthesis; usually a plot of photosynthetic efficiency against wavelength.

active site

The binding and catalytic sites of an enzyme; more loosely, those residues of an enzyme that interact with a substrate or participate in any way in binding or catalysis.

active transport

An energy-requiring transport mechanism; one that works against a concentration gradient. (see also facilitated diffusion; passive diffusion)

adaptor hypothesis

The proposal, made before the roles of mRNA and tRNA in protein synthesis were established, that a low-molecular-mass form of RNA provides the interface between each amino acid and the template. The hypothesis assumed that the interaction of the adaptor and a polynucleotide template is much more specific than that between the amino acid and the template.

address molecule

(see organ targeting)

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