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s Related Biological Terms:

Alu sequence

A small interespersed repeat element (SINE); a repetitive sequence in human DNA found in some introns, and characterized by Alu restriction sites; the locus of some homologous recombinations. Comprising 3-6% of the human genome, the sequences are about 300 bp long and usually feature a head-to-tail tandem repeat.Arcot, S.S., Adamson, A.W., Lamerdin, J.E., Kanagy, B., Deininger, P.L., Carrano, A.V. and Batzer, M.A. (1996) genome Res. 6, 1084-1092; Mighell, A.J., Markham, A.F. and Robinson, P.A. (1997) FEBS Lett. 417, 1-5

Ames test (Salmonella test)

A test for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity which uses specially constructed bacterial strains, by screening the effects of test compounds for their ability to produce reverse mutations that will restore the ability of the bacteria to grow in the absence of an essential metabolite.

Anfinsen cage

A proposed model for chaperone-assisted protein folding in which a chaperone, GroEL for instance, provides an environment in which a denatured protein can unfold and correctly refold, undisturbed by the possibility of aggregation with other unfolded molecules.Ellis, R.J. (1996) Fold Des. 1, R9-R15

Arrhenius plot

(see activation energy)

abortive mitosis model

The hypothesis that cells undergo a programmed death when induced to mitosis at an inappropriate phase of the cell cycle. (see also apoptosis)Ucker, D.S. (1991) New Biol. 3, 103-109

absolute configuration

The actual, as opposed to relative to some other compound, orientation of atoms in space at an asymmetrical centre.

absorbance

(see Beer-Lambert equation)

absorption

In immunology, the neutralization of immune serum by some of the antigens against which it has been raised. Serum raised against a hapten attached to a larger protein may be exposed to the carrier protein alone in order to absorb the antibodies directed towards epitopes of the protein, leaving the serum with un-neutralized antibodies directed only towards the hapten.

absorption spectrum

The molar absorption (extinction) coefficient as a function of wavelength, usually displayed with absorbance on the ordinate and wavelength on the abscissa.

accelerated diffusion

(= facilitated diffusion)

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