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chip (oligonucleotide array)

In biotechnology, a component of a device for screening genomic or cDNA for mutations, polymorphisms or gene expression. A chip is a small (a few centimeters on each side) standardized glass or other solid surface on which thousands of immobilized oligodeoxynucleotide probes have been synthesized or robotically deposited in a predetermined array, so that automated recording of fluorescence from each of the spots may score successful hybridizations. A chip may be designed for the detection of all known genes of a species (human, mouse, yeast), or selected specific sequences. (see also small molecule library; differential hybridization)Southern, E.M. (1996) Trends genet. 12, 110-115; Anon. (1996) Nat. Gen. 14, 367-370; Borman, S. (1996) Chem. Engin. News 74 (50) 42-43; Goffeau, A. (1997) Nature (London) 385

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Bridge the gap between chemically synthesized oligos and bological applications.

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